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1 João V, king
(1689-1750)The son of King Pedro II and Maria Sofia Neubourg, João was acclaimed king in 1707. By any measure, his long reign (43 years) had a significant impact on Portuguese government, arts, and culture. The early period was consumed with anxiety over continental European affairs, especially the menacing War of Spanish Succession, which ended in 1714. João then shifted his emphasis to the commercial and political interests of the Atlantic empire, to the Catholic Church and religious affairs, and to reinforcing the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance. Under João, there was intensive development of colonization and exploitation in Portuguese America, namely Brazil.In spite of the state's usual fiscal woes, the monarchy and the nobility garnered considerable wealth from Brazilian diamonds, gold, and other materials. Large amounts of revenue were expended on royal palaces, houses, churches, chapels, and convents, and, despite the Lisbon earthquake's impact in 1755, a considerable portion of this conspicuous consumption survives in historic monuments. Most outstanding is the great Mafra Palace and Convent, a baroque monstrosity, one of the largest buildings in Europe, which was constructed during João's reign. Through his acts of piety and bribery, João was declared "Most Faithful" Majesty by the pope. Under royal largesse, Portuguese arts and culture were cultivated, and Italian opera was introduced in Lisbon. -
2 Miguel I, king
(1802-1866)The third son of King João VI and of Dona Carlota Joaquina, Miguel was barely five years of age when he went to Brazil with the fleeing royal family. In 1821, with his mother and father, he returned to Portugal. Whatever the explanation for his actions, Miguel always took Carlota Joaquina's part in the subsequent political struggles and soon became the supreme hope of the reactionary, clerical, absolutist party against the constitutionalists and opposed any compromise with liberal constitutionalism or its adherents. He became not only the symbol but the essence of a kind of reactionary messianism in Portugal during more than two decades, as his personal fortunes of power and privilege rose and fell. With his personality imbued with traits of wildness, adventurism, and violence, Miguel enjoyed a life largely consumed in horseback riding, love affairs, and bull- fighting.After the independence of Brazil (1822), Miguel became the principal candidate for power of the Traditionalist Party, which was determined to restore absolutist royal power, destroy the constitution, and rule without limitation. Miguel was involved in many political conspiracies and armed movements, beginning in 1822 and including the coups known to history as the "Vila Francada" (1823) and the "Abrilada" (1824), which were directed against his father King João VI, in order to restore absolutist royal power. These coup conspiracies failed due to foreign intervention, and the king ordered Miguel dismissed from his posts and sent into exile. He remained in exile for four years. The death of King João VI in 1826 presented new opportunities in the absolutist party, however, and the dashing Dom Miguel remained their great hope for power.His older brother King Pedro IV, then emperor of Brazil, inherited the throne and wrote his own constitution, the Charter of 1826, which was to become the law of the land in Portugal. However, his daughter Maria, only seven, was too young to rule, so Pedro, who abdicated, put together an unusual deal. Until Maria reached her majority age, a regency headed by Princess Isabel Maria would rule Portugal. Dom Miguel would return from his Austrian exile and, when Maria reached her majority, Maria would marry her uncle Miguel and they would reign under the 1826 Charter. Miguel returned to Portugal in 1828, but immediately broke the bargain. He proclaimed himself an absolutist King, acclaimed by the usual (and last) Cortes of 1828; dispensed with Pedro's Charter; and ruled as an absolutist. Pedro's response was to abdicate the emperorship of Brazil, return to Portugal, defeat Miguel, and place his young daughter on the throne. In the civil war called the War of the Brothers (1831-34), after a seesaw campaign on land and at sea, Miguel's forces were defeated and he went into exile, never to return to Portugal. -
3 acclaim
ə'kleim
1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) aclamar2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) proclamar
2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) aclamacióntr[ə'kleɪm]1 (welcome) aclamación nombre femenino2 (praise) elogios nombre masculino plural, alabanza1 (welcome) aclamar2 (praise) elogiar, alabaracclaim [ə'kleɪm] vt: aclamar, elogiaracclaim n: aclamación f, elogio mn.• aclamación s.f.• aplauso s.m.• ovación s.f.v.• aclamar v.• aplaudir v.• celebrar v.• ovacionar v.• proclamar v.• vitorear v.• vocear v.
I ə'kleɪma) ( praise) aclamarb) ( proclaim) (frml) aclamar, proclamar
II
mass noun aclamación f, elogio m[ǝ'kleɪm]1. VT1) (=praise) aclamar, alabar2) (=proclaim) aclamar2.the book met with great acclaim — el libro tuvo una extraordinaria acogida, el libro recibió encendidos elogios
* * *
I [ə'kleɪm]a) ( praise) aclamarb) ( proclaim) (frml) aclamar, proclamar
II
mass noun aclamación f, elogio m -
4 acclaim
ə'kleim 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) hylle, tiljuble2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) utrope; hylle som2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) bifall, hyllingIsubst. \/əˈkleɪm\/bifallsrop, bifall, roscritical acclaim rosende omtaleIIverb \/əˈkleɪm\/tiljuble, hylle, utrope -
5 Crato, Dom António, prior of
(1531-1595)Briefly, the 18th king of Portugal and a frustrated, exiled claimant to the Portuguese throne. Antonio, known to history as the Prior of Crato, was for part of the summer of 1580 the king of Portugal, before the Castilian forces of King Phillip II defeated Antonio's weak forces and impelled him into exile. The illegitimate son of the infante, Luís, second son of King Manuel I of Portugal and a woman commoner who may have been a New Christian, Antonio's legitimacy as a royal heir was always in doubt. After his father's death in 1555, Antônio abandoned his religious vocation and pursued the life of administrator, warrior, and anti-Muslim crusader in Morocco. Joining two Portuguese expeditions to Morocco (1574 and 1578), Antônio became a prisoner of war after the disastrous battle of Alcácer- Quivir (1578).Freed by payment of a ransom, Antônio returned to Portugal to pursue his claim to the throne, following both the death of King Sebastian and that of Cardinal Henrique. Although Antônio was acclaimed king of Portugal in the cities of Santarém, Lisbon, and Coimbra, and ruled a portion of Portugal in summer 1580, his followers were defeated by Phillip II's army in the battle of Alcântara, 25 August 1580. Hidden by his followers for months, Antônio escaped to exile first in England and then in France. An expedition led by England's Francis Drake in 1589, with the mission to drive out the Spaniards and to restore the Prior of Crato to Portugal's throne, failed. Once more, Antônio fled to exile in France, where he died in Paris in 1595.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Crato, Dom António, prior of
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6 Pedro of Avis, prince
(1392-1449)One of the many talented sons of King João I and Philippa of Lancaster, regent and older brother of Prince Henry of Aviz (Prince Henry the Navigator). Pedro's life and work were important in consolidating an independent Portuguese monarchy and in promoting the maritime discoveries and explorations down the coast of Africa. Well-educated for a member of royalty in his day, Infante Dom Pedro was present as a warrior at the auspicious conquest of Ceuta in Morocco in 1415, and was named Duke of Coimbra that same year. From 1425 to 1428, he traveled and studied in Europe, including in England, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Aragon and Castile. He returned from his travels with a copy of Marco Polo's famous book and introduced this to his country.Among royalty and nobility, Prince Pedro's views were cautious regarding further Portuguese expansion in Morocco, and during the troubled times of 1436-38, he opposed the planned but ill-fated attack on the Moroccan city of Tangier; he called for the surrender later of Ceuta, in order to ransom the life of Prince Fernando, a prisoner in Moroccan hands. Following the death of King Duarte in 1438 and the subsequent succession crisis, including a civil war among factions, Prince Pedro acted as regent until 1446, when Prince Afonso reached his majority and was acclaimed King Afonso V, called "The African" (r. 1446-81).After Prince Pedro's powers were given up finally in 1448, his formerly exiled enemies returned to Portugal and vowed vengeance against him. Warfare ensued and, with the defeat of his army at the battle of Alfarrobeira in 1449, Prince Pedro was killed. His many accomplishments and talents off the battlefields were forgotten over the generations. Beginning in the late 19th century, the memory of his distinction and greatness was increasingly obscured by the growing fame, legend, and myth of his younger brother, Prince Henry of Aviz (Prince Henry the Navigator). An effort to rehabilitate the memory and public knowledge of Prince Pedro began in the early 1960s among a handful of foreign scholars, and was carried on by Portuguese scholars in the 1990s, but it appeared to have little effect against the pervasive cult of Prince Henry the Navigator. -
7 acclaim
[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) hylde; tiljuble2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) hylde2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) bifald; hyldning* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) hylde; tiljuble2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) hylde2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) bifald; hyldning -
8 acclaim
transitive verb* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) mit Beifall begrüßen2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) ausrufen zu2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) der Beifall- academic.ru/336/acclamation">acclamation* * *ac·claim[əˈkleɪm]▪ to be \acclaimed [as sth] [als etw] gefeiert werdencritical \acclaim gute Kritikento receive \acclaim Anerkennung erhalten* * *[ə'kleɪm]1. vt2)(= proclaim)
to acclaim sb king/winner — jdn zum König/als Sieger ausrufen2. nBeifall m; (of critics) Anerkennung f* * *acclaim [əˈkleım]A v/t2. jemanden, etwas feiern (as als)3. acclaim sb king jemanden zum König ausrufenB v/i Beifall spenden, Hochrufe ausstoßenC s2. (hohes) Lob:the book received great critical acclaim das Buch wurde von der Kritik sehr gelobt* * *transitive verb(welcome) feiern; (hail as)* * *n.Beifall -¨e m. v.zujubeln v. -
9 acclaim
[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) aclamar2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) declarar2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) aclamação* * *ac.claim[əkl'eim] n 1 aclamação, aplauso. 2 ovação. • vt+vi 1 aplaudir, aclamar. 2 saudar, ovacionar. 3 proclamar, promulgar. they acclaimed him emperor / eles o proclamaram imperador. -
10 acclaim
[ə'kleɪm] 1. nuznanie nt2. vt* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) oklaskiwać2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) okrzyknąć2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) wielkie uznanie -
11 acclaim
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12 acclaim
kikiált vminek, vminek kikiált, hangosan üdvözöl* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) éljenez2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) vminek kikiált2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) éljenzés -
13 acclaim
n. alkış; beğeni————————v. alkışlamak, alkışlarla karşılamak, ilan etmek (alkışlarla); övmek* * *1. anla 2. alkışla (v.) 3. alkış (n.)* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) alkışlamak2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) (coşkuyla) ilan etmek2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) övgü, takdir -
14 acclaim
[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) glasno pozdravljati2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) vzklikati2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) vzklikanje* * *[əkléim]1.transitive verbodobravati, ploskati;2.nounpoeticallypohvala, odobravanje, ploskanje -
15 acclaim
• osoittaa suosiota• hyväksyä• iloita• tervehtiä suosionhuudoin• suosionhuudot• suostumus• ylistää• kunnia* * *ə'kleim 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) tervehtiä suosionhuudoin2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.)2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) -
16 acclaim
I [ə'kleɪm] II [ə'kleɪm]1) acclamare, applaudire (anche fig.)2) (proclaim)to acclaim sb. (as) sth. — acclamare qcn. qcs
* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) acclamare2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) acclamare2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) acclamazione* * *[ə'kleɪm]1. vt2. n(approval) consenso, (applause) applauso* * *acclaim /əˈkleɪm/n. [u](to) acclaim /əˈkleɪm/v. t.acclamare.* * *I [ə'kleɪm] II [ə'kleɪm]1) acclamare, applaudire (anche fig.)2) (proclaim)to acclaim sb. (as) sth. — acclamare qcn. qcs
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17 acclaim
[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) uzgavilēt2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) pasludināt2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) skaļa apsveikšana* * *skaļa apsveikšana, uzgavilēšana, vētraini aplausi; skaļi apsveikt, vētraini aplaudēt, uzgavilēt; proklamēt, pasludināt -
18 acclaim
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19 acclaim
n. beröm; bifallsrop, hurrarop--------v. hälsa med bifallsrop; hylla* * *[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) hylla, jubla2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) utropa, hälsa såsom2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) bifall -
20 acclaim
[ə'kleim] 1. verb1) (to applaud or welcome enthusiastically: The footballer was acclaimed by the fans.) nadšeně vítat2) (to declare (someone) ruler, winner etc by enthusiastic approval: They acclaimed him king.) prohlásit (koho čím)2. noun(enthusiastic approval.) jásot* * *• pozdravovat• provolávat
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